1 / 13 · Robes
Wearing robes made from discarded cloth
Using only cloth that has been thrown away, rather than robes offered by householders.
- Author
- Dhutanga.org Editorial Team
- Review
- Doctrinal review pending
- Tradition
- Theravada, with comparative notes
- Published
- Last reviewed
- Pali name
- Paṃsukūlikaṅga
- Group
- Robes
Meaning
Paṃsukūla means “dust heap”. A paṃsukūlika is one who makes robes from rags found on rubbish heaps, in charnel grounds or along the road. Early monastic robes were sewn from such pieces — the patchwork pattern of the modern robe still recalls this origin.
How it is practised
The undertaking is made with words such as: “I refuse robes given by householders; I undertake the refuse-rag-wearer’s practice.” The practitioner then gathers cast-off cloth, washes, sews and dyes it.
Grades of strictness
The commentary distinguishes a strict grade (cloth taken only from places such as charnel grounds), a medium grade (cloth left somewhere with the thought that a monastic will take it) and a mild grade (cloth placed at the practitioner’s feet).
Benefits described in the tradition
- Living in keeping with the first of the traditional “four supports” of monastic life
- Freedom from worry about protecting valuable robes
- Independence from donors and less entanglement with gifts
- An example of contentment for others
When the observance lapses
The observance lapses when the practitioner knowingly accepts a robe offered by a householder.
Context today
In many communities today, true refuse cloth is rare and hygiene matters. Monastics who keep the spirit of this practice may choose simple, second-hand or patched robes in consultation with their teachers.